![]() Shop men’s messenger bags, available at Macy’s. Shopping Tip: While you’re shopping for messenger bags, check out other men’s accessories, like wallets. This rich tan color is the neutral of the moment. If you want to deviate from this norm and take a stylish chance, we suggest buying a cognac bag. Most men’s messenger bags are available in the standard hues of black or brown. Visconti Harvard at Amazon Best Black Leather Messenger Bag: Morris at Mismo Best Streetwear Leather Messenger Bag: Cubic Monogram Leather Pouch at Axel Arigato Best Vegan Leather. Whether planning for going on vacation, to board a flight for travel purpose, or need to attend classes, you’ll certainly find the best messenger bags by. We’ve all-embracing collection of crossbody messenger bags for men made using Italian leather to help our customers walk in style. The Nova Sling Bag is big enough to hold your. For a more casual vibe, nylon styles are the ones to tote.Ĭolor. If yes, I Medici Leather is there to lend a helping hand. This might just be the Goldilocks of sling bagsnot too big, not too small, but just right. These bags are ideal for corporate settings. If you’re looking for a sophisticated feel, leather messenger bags are the ones for you. To help distribute the weight, these styles can be worn as crossbody bags.įabric. Since you’ll be carrying around a lot, check out messenger bags with a wide, padded shoulder strap. Leather Messenger Bag for Men,15.6 Inch Vintage Laptop Bag Briefcase Satchel. Handy pockets make sure these important items are easily accessible. Besides the main compartment, you’ll want to have plenty of pockets to place your phone, chargers, cables, passport, wallet and such. Again, remember to double-check the dimensions of your laptop versus the compartment. To better ensure the safety of your laptop, you’ll want to consider a laptop compartment that’s padded. Before you make your purchase, remember to check out the dimensions of your new bag. If you’re carrying around a mobile office, you’ll want to ensure that your messenger bag is large enough to accommodate your laptop, tablet, files and other business necessities. How To Choose The Perfect Men’s Messenger Bag: Shop men's bags from your favorite brands including Michael Kors, Kenneth Cole Reaction, COACH and more. Waterproof Mens Messenger Bag, Mens Shoulder Bag, Retro Mens Handbag, Mens Diagonal Bag Crossbody Bag for Travel, Gift for Husband Him. FREE SHIPPING FOR VIPs Not a VIP Get free shipping on orders of 75+ SIMILAR STYLES Off-White 449. UP TO 25 OFF SELECT CROCS Prices as marked. ![]() GET 30 OFF ON THE MEGA SALE Price reflected in cart. Are you confused about how to select the perfect one? Don’t worry, we’re sharing key pointers about buying the right messenger bag for you. Florsheim Leather Messenger Bag - Free Shipping DSW BECOME A VIP & GET 20 OFF Plus, 5 back in Rewards & free shipping. They make ideal work, travel or laptop bags. ![]() Messenger Bags Toiletry Bags Replacement Straps Handbags. Inspired by the bags used by couriers, messenger bags feature a main compartment paired with a shoulder strap. Shop our collection of high quality small leather goods, handbags, business bags, office accessories and travel bags. Are you searching for a new men’s bag? Check out messenger bags for men, available at Macy’s. Now all of a sudden it Only shows up in a totally different state and with exact name search. Mens Messenger Bag 15. Is there something I could do to send signals to Google to show that I am in Matthews, NC?Ģ months ago my listing quit showing up at all unless you typed exact business name What could possibly cause my listing or Google to do this? I have been without my listing for a few months now and have NO calls coming in from it. ![]() Likewise, crazy horse leather is also water-resistant. Despite the Gustav Messenger Bag is strong, durable, and sturdy it is lightweight. Classic Vintage Messenger Bag - Original Heavyweight Cotton Canvas Shoulder Bag with Upgraded Features 5,996 50+ bought in past week 2795 List: 39. This is because it is made of high-quality crazy horse leather. View the latest selection of womens shoes, dress shoes, sandals, career shoes, casual shoes, boots and more. Despite its large size and capacity the Gustav Messenger Bag only weighs 5.7 lbs or 2.6 kg. 795.00 Current Price 795.00 (1) Montblanc. Shop shoes at the Nine West official site. Buy online, pick up in storeits quick and convenient. If you search Locksmith Independence, KS it shows up on the maps. Free shipping and returns on Mens Leather (Genuine) Messenger Bags at. If you search Locksmith Matthews, NC my listing does not show up at all. Keep in mind the GMB is in Matthews, NC All my service areas and the actual map show the correct areas. Now if I search my business name under the auto populate I see it with Independence, KS on the listing. I pretty much do not have any traffic, views or calls now. Posted about my SAB listing a few weeks ago about not showing up in search only when you entered the exact name. ![]()
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![]() Before his sentencing – which includes five years of supervised release, 300 hours of community service, and a #35,000 fine – the rapper wrote a letter to the presiding judge. He testified as a witness during the trials of Anthony Ellison and Aljermiah Mack. The rapper was looking at about 37 years in prison, so he pled guilty to nine charges, including racketeering, and informed on his associates. Tekashi was arrested in November 2018 alongside other alleged members of the Nine Trey Gangsta Bloods. The rapper had already served 13 months of the two-year punishment when he was formally sentenced in December 2019. So, the judge granted him a compassionate release, allowing Tekashi to serve out the rest of his 24-month prison sentence while under house arrest. Tekashi was set for an August release, but his lawyer argued that he recently experienced “some shortness of breath,” and if he were to contract the coronavirus, “he could die,” per Complex. How did we get to have new music from 6ix9ine? The rapper, born Daniel Hernandez, was released from prison in April due to the COVID-19 coronavirus. ![]() Takashi also hinted that something was coming on May 8, before revealing he was going Live on Instagram. He was also given permission to spend “no more than eight hours per day in his home recording studio,” and his recording sessions must be approved by his parole officer. Engelmayer to expand his house arrest to include his backyard for the purpose of filming a music video, per Complex. Tekashi, through his legal team, asked Judge Paul A. Y’all forgot that fast a “rat” killed nipsey he wasn’t suppose to be on the streets! That’s the only thing ima day because he’s dead… left his baby mom and child like a coward as targets!įans suspected something was coming. I hope that rat going live to apologize to the people he told on or the victim…. Y’all forgot that fast a “rat” killed he wasn’t suppose to be on the streets! That’s the only thing ima day because he’s dead… left his baby mom and child like a coward as targets!” he tweeted. “I hope that rat going live to apologize to the people he told on or the victim…. ![]() Right before Tekashi released the video, Meek Mill became the latest rapper to take a shot (metaphorically) at Tekashi for snitching out on his former associates. Tekashi 6ix9ine Released From Prison Early Due To Health Concerns Tekashi 6ix9ine Looking Forward To ‘Second Start’ & Has Hired Security After Leaving Prison Early Tekashi 6ix9ine Shades 50 Cent After Rapper Refuses To Work With Him: He 'Abandoned His Son' Search Hollywood Life Search Trending Navigation Trending Latest Hollywood Celebrity & Entertainment News Primary Menu Menu Close Menu ![]() ![]() It says up to third grade but I would recommend it to anyone. I would recommend this to anyone who has kids. Once his little friend came over and they danced to the songs together. I’m currently helping my four year old pronounce words correctly and learn more advanced words so that he can read better. If this was here when I was a kid then this is what I’d be using. The learning to read books are the most repetitive part, they work on the same sounds so that your kid master it before they go on to another activity. But, this is how you teach kids to learn. And usually apps/games like that are an absolute no go for me. When they were old enough for school they were acing classes. The kids grew up using this app to learn. And without ads, I think this would be a fun, safe kids game for the whole class, or family, to enjoy! And when they are playing this at school, it is an even bigger issue. Last: Is it just me, or is anyone else getting ads? I don’t find ads very safe for kids to be able to see, especially explicit ads. It’s almost as good as ABC Mouse! It just needs more content, and, like I’ve said, free content (Of course, until the game finds success.) It has tons of English, math, science, reading, and history. Second: It’s great for teachers and parents to use for kids kinder-4th grade. That’s how it can find it’s success later down the path. But, in the state that it is at now, it needs to stay free. ![]() I would like to start off and say that this game has a lot of potential. And I do the same for games in the App Store. I watch movies and write reviews on common sense media, IMDb, rotten Tomatos, and Letterbox. I’m not a nerdy type kid, I’m just a critic. Starfall Education Foundation is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization. It also supports English language development, special education, and homeschool environments. This app requires an internet connection and is intended for Pre-K, Kindergarten, and Grades 1-3. It can be used on devices signed in with your Apple ID, as well as any associated Family Sharing devices. This subscription is valid only for home use. Your subscription will automatically renew unless you cancel at least 24 hours before the end of the current period. If you choose to purchase a Starfall subscription, a $5.99 (USD) payment will be applied to your Apple ID account upon confirmation of purchase and monthly after that. “I truly believe that Starfall set the foundation for my future.” -Sarah, undergraduate at Stanford University Starfall does an excellent job of offering clear and intriguing early literacy lessons." -Common Sense Media ![]() ![]() Skill acquisition is appropriately gradual. ![]() "Kids can learn about letter recognition, phonics, and reading. Listed on PC Magazine’s “15 best Online Learning Services for Kids,” Think Five’s “Top 5 Most Used Apps by Elementary Teachers,” and as one Parent's Magazine's "70 Best Apps for Families." *Pass it forward! Subscribers gain access to hundreds of additional activities and support the free sections for others to enjoy. Whether a free user or subscriber, you won’t see any ads. All of the basics for learning how to read are available to everyone. Starfall's systematic approach was created by experienced educators using time-tested instructional methods. *Research based, teacher tested, child approved. *More - Holiday Activities, Nursery Rhymes, Sing-Alongs, Interactive Calendar *Math - Numbers, Addition and Subtraction, Multiplication and Division, Geometry and Measurement, Fractions *Reading (phonics, fluency, grammar) - ABCs, Learn to Read, I’m Reading, Talking Library, Punctuation, Parts of Speech Starfall's playful open format intuitively guides children through sequential learning objectives for reading, math, art, music, and social subjects like kindness and caring. Join Zac the Rat and his friends on an exciting learning journey, starting with the ABCs and 123s and advancing up to grade 3 grammar and mathematics. Read, learn, and play with fun activities, games, and songs on Starfall! Covers reading, math, music, and more - preschool to third grade. ![]() ![]() ![]() Taste: Out of each GoMacro bar, the Peanut Butter Chocolate Chip flavor was the most solid. Ingredients: Organic Brown Rice Syrup, Organic Peanut Butter, Organic Protein Blend (Organic Sprouted Brown Rice Protein, Organic Pea Protein), Organic Fair-Trade Chocolate Chips (Organic Coconut Sugar, Organic Cocoa, Organic Cocoa Butter), Organic Puffed Brown Rice, Organic Peanuts. GoMacro Bars In-Depth Analysis Protein Pleasureīuy: GoMacro - Peanut Butter Chocolate Chip One might call such an analysis a Nutrient Check. After a summary each bar is a nutritional analysis of the ingredients. I did a taste test of four different flavors of GoMacro bars: Protein Pleasure, Everlasting Joy, Heartwarming Retreat and Protein Purity. If you are interested in an in-depth understanding of why these bars are healthy for you and what they taste like, read on. They contain loads of organic and nutrient-dense ingredients. GoMacro bars are healthy and they taste great. So what are the ingredients in GoMacro bars, and are GoMacro bars healthy? Also just as important, do they taste good? In short, the answer to both of these questions are yes. They are also free of some other common, problematic ingredients like soybean oil and enriched (nutrient-stripped) flours. These bars are fully vegan they don't have the common milk-based ingredients that most other bars on the market have. The ingredients in their bars back up their claim to support a balanced, plant-based lifestyle. I encourage you to read more about their program on their website here. GoMacro also gives back to their community. They use 100% renewable energy and are 100% carbon neutral. Unlike most companies out to make money, GoMacro lives by these principles through their actions. ![]() Their five principles are Live Long, Eat Positive, Give Back, Tread Lightly (positive impact on planet) and Be Well. A part of this claim includes their dedication to their farmers, sustainable sourcing and making a positive impact on the planet. They claim to make their snacks with their highest quality, certified ingredients. GoMacro has a respectable mission of spreading awareness for the power of a balanced, plant-based lifestyle. I have a positive view of GoMacro as a company. GoMacro bars are higher in calories compared to competitors These snack bars contain complete sources of protein - pea protein and sprouted brown rice protein GoMacro bars are organic ingredients bound by Organic Brown Rice Syrup One of these companies is GoMacro.Īs a company, GoMacro focuses on healthy living and sustainable efforts Recently, after my run-in with Ratio Keto Bars, I realized that I should return to this aisle, because there are a few brands trying to make a difference you can find them if you look hard enough. Because of this, I stay away from this aisle in the grocery store out of habit. Many of these nutrition bars are packed tight with extra calories and contain tons of sugar, awful oils and nutrient-stripped flours. Often, nutrition bars are candy bars dressed up to appear healthy. ![]() ![]() ![]() We are going to use Bluestacks in this method to Download and Install Synology Drive for PC Windows 10/8/7 Laptop. Bluestacks software is even available for Mac OS as well. Synology Drive Download for PC Windows 10/8/7 – Method 1:īluestacks is one of the coolest and widely used Emulator to run Android applications on your Windows PC. Here in this article, we are gonna present to you two of the popular Android emulators to use Synology Drive on PC. So even if the official version of Synology Drive for PC not available, you can still use it with the help of Emulators. But Android emulators allow us to use all these apps on PC as well. are available for Android and iOS platforms only. Games and apps like PUBG, Subway surfers, Snapseed, Beauty Plus, etc. Most of the apps these days are developed only for the mobile platform. Synology Drive Download for PC Windows 10/8/7 Laptop: Currently, Synology Drive for Windows has got over 1,000,000+ App installations and 4.3 star average user aggregate rating points. It has got really good rating points and reviews. Synology Drive is on the top of the list of Productivity category apps on Google Playstore. Synology Drive for PC – Technical Specifications Name So before jumping into it, let’s see the technical specifications of Synology Drive. Here in this article, we will list down different ways to Download Synology Drive on PC in a step by step guide. But do you know you can still use any of your favorite Android or iOS apps on your laptop even if the official version for PC platform not available? Yes, they do exits a few simple tricks you can use to install Android apps on Windows machine and use them as you use on Android smartphones. Most of the apps available on Google play store or iOS Appstore are made exclusively for mobile platforms. Keep reading this article to get to know how you can Download and Install one of the best Productivity App Synology Drive for PC. Our recommendation is to use a single volume for the data, as mentioned above.Looking for a way to Download Synology Drive for Windows 10/8/7 PC? You are in the correct place then. The default volumes are not optimal nor recommended. LinuxServer specifies a couple of optional default volumes such as They also maintain images for most of the popular download clients as well. Is one of the most prolific and popular Docker image maintainers. Hotio also builds our Pull Requests which may be useful for testing. Images are automatically updated multiple times in an hour if upstream changes are found. There are many ways to manage Docker images and containers too, so installationĪnd maintenance of them will depend on the route you choose.ĭoesn't specify any default volumes, besides To install and use these Docker images, you'll need to keep the above in mind while following their documentation. Keep in mind that Radarr will need read and write to the download folders as well as the final folders.įor a more detailed explanation of these issues, see The recommendation is to use a common group for all related containers so that each container can use the shared group permissions to read and write files on the mounted volumes. The default user, group and umask, you should decide this before setting up all of your containers. Most images have environment variables that can be used to override ![]() Permissions and ownership of files is one of the most common problems for Radarr users, both inside and outside Docker. If this advice is not followed, you may have to configure a Remote Path Mapping in the Radarr web UI (Settings › Download Clients). The best solution is to use a single, common volume Some also recommend paths for the download client container that are different from the Radarr container, like This causes slow moves and doesn't allow hard links because theyĪre considered two different file systems Both problems can be solved with well planned, consistent paths. The second is a performance issue and causes problems for seeding torrents. torrents/My.Movie.2018/, but in the Radarr container that might be at The first is a problem because the download client will report a download's path as There are two common problems with Docker volumes: Paths that differ between the Radarr and download client container and paths that prevent fast moves and hard links. Radarr v4 will convert the given directory on startup if a Radarr v0.2 or v3 database is found. Volume to mount the data directory and supply that path to Radarr as parameter. ![]() ![]() ![]() The 1/16 red pieces are all used in the upper section of the head (three at the front and four at the back). Overall, the dragon’s head uses 7 1/16 red, 60 1/32 red and 4 1/64 white pieces. The body can be kept straight for now, or you could try to form its final shape. Two red 1/128 pieces are later used to connect the body to the head. The 1/128 yellow pieces are inserted afterwards to make the dragon spikes. This is repeated along the length of the body. However, it is the simplest to construct.Įach pair of red pieces are joined by a single yellow piece. The body of the dragon takes the longest to make, since it consists of 90 1/32 red, 45 1/32 yellow and 44 1/128 yellow pieces. An extra four red 1/128 pieces are later used to connect each foot to the body. This makes it easier to connect togther.Įach of the dragon’s feet uses 15 1/32 red and 3 1/64 white pieces.Įach foot is identical. It is best to start from the base, and try not to compact the pieces together until the body has been made. The tail requires 3 1/16 yellow and 8 1/16 red pieces. Pieces are rotated at each connection to produce a stepped effect. To make the horns, 36 1/32 yellow pieces are required, 18 for each horn. A summary of all the pieces used is given at the end of this post. Instructions can be found here or here.Ĭonstruction of the dragon is shown below with the number of pieces required for each component detailed alongside. Keep bisecting the paper by its longest edge until you get the desired division.Įach triangular piece is constructed in the same way, irrelevant of the size. This makes it harder to assemble.įour different sizes are used to create the pieces and are represented by ratios. However, this is not recommended as it is too heavy and the pieces can bulk out easily. For this particular origami, I used 150gsm red paper and 160gsm yellow paper. ![]() Normal printer paper at 80gsm is perfect. I have tried to keep the design and construction as close to the original as possible, but inevitably there will be differences. That photo is the only reference, so here is my version. I have been wanting to create a modular origami dragon for a while, but have never found any instructions or good references until I came across Samuel Ferreira’s dragon. ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() “We don’t really know the future, obviously,” Scotese told NASA. ![]() However, Christopher Scotese, one of the scientists who developed these simulations, cautions that it is difficult to predict exactly how the continents will be arranged in millions of years. That is because as Africa continues to migrate north it will collide with Europe, a collision that will probably create a Himalaya-scale mountain range. Researchers have dubbed this future continental configuration “Pangaea Proxima.” One intriguing aspect of Pangaea Proxima is that it will likely contain a new mountain range with some of the world’s highest mountains. Scientists have found that the planet’s continents will likely again be joined together in about 250 million years. ![]() Because tectonic plates move very slowly-only a few centimeters per year, on average-it takes a long time to observe changes. By running computer simulations of how Earth’s tectonic plates are moving, researchers can estimate where the planet's continents will likely be in the future. This shift from one theory to another is an example of the scientific process: As more observations are made and measurements are collected, scientists revise their theories to be more accurate and consistent with the natural world. It has gained widespread acceptance among scientists. Therefore, the theory of plate tectonics is more complete. Plate tectonics explains why Earth’s continents are moving the theory of continental drift did not provide an explanation. Because some minerals within rocks record the orientation of Earth’s magnetic poles and this orientation flips every 100,000 years or so, rocks near ocean ridges exhibit alternating magnetic stripes. Plate tectonics also explains the stripes of rock on the seafloor with alternating magnetic properties: As buoyant, molten rock rises up from deep within Earth, it emerges from the space between spreading tectonic plates and hardens, creating a ridge. That is why earthquakes do not occur everywhere on Earth-they’re clustered around the boundaries of tectonic plates. When these plates press together and then move suddenly, energy is released in the form of earthquakes. According to this theory, Earth’s crust is broken into roughly 20 sections called tectonic plates on which the continents ride. Together, these observations were consistent with a new theory proposed by researchers who built on Wegener’s original idea of continental drift-the theory of plate tectonics. And scientists studying the seafloor with magnetometers found evidence of surprising magnetic variations near undersea ridges: alternating stripes of rock recorded a flip-flopping of Earth’s magnetic field. With seismometers, researchers discovered that earthquakes tended to occur in specific places rather than equally all over Earth. Those advances included seismometers used to monitor ground shaking caused by nuclear testing and magnetometers to detect submarines. That’s when technologies adapted from warfare made it possible to more thoroughly study Earth. Only decades later, in the 1960s, did the idea of continental drift resurface. Wegener never lived to see his theory accepted-he died at the age of 50 while on an expedition in Greenland. Wegener first presented his idea of continental drift in 1912, but it was widely ridiculed and soon, mostly, forgotten. He did not know what drove this movement, however. Over millions of years, Wegener suggested, the continents had drifted apart. He hypothesized that all of the modern-day continents had previously been clumped together in a supercontinent he called Pangaea (from ancient Greek, meaning “all lands” or “all the Earth”). He also noted that similar fossils were found on continents separated by oceans, additional evidence that perhaps the landforms had once been joined. Wegener observed that the continents of South America and Africa looked like they would fit together remarkably well-take away the Atlantic Ocean and these two massive landforms would lock neatly together. The story begins with Alfred Wegener (1880–1930), a German meteorologist and geophysicist who noticed something curious when he looked at a map of the world. That theory was initially ridiculed, but it paved the way for another theory called plate tectonics that scientists have now accepted to explain how Earth’s continents move. In the early 20th century, a scientific theory called continental drift was proposed about this migration of the continents. But the continents actually are shifting, very slowly, relative to one another. After all, it’s not as if an airplane flight between Europe and Africa takes five hours one year but only three hours the next. We don’t perceive that the continents we live on are moving. ![]() ![]() When it comes to playing videos on your computer, there’s no better option than VLC. To unset/clear a global hotkey: Proceed as if you wanted to set a new key, but press the pause/break key. ![]() Available for Mac, Windows, iOS, and Android, VLC is one of the most powerful video players available today. Categories: How To Interfaces This page was last edited on 10 February 2019, at 06:50. As an open-source platform, VLC can play almost every single format imaginable, from local files to DVDs and Blu-rays, and even streaming content using a URL from your browser. Shortcuts of VLC Media Player are below: Decrease the volume, Ctrl+Down Mute, M Adjust Audio/Video Effects, Ctrl+E time Showing, T Faster. Regular TechJunkie readers will know our staff of writers are big fans of the program, thanks to its versatility and usability, but if you’re new to using the software, you might have some adjusting to do in order to learn how the platform works. One of the first things you should learn to become a VLC power user is the player’s litany of keyboard shortcuts. Luckily, we’ve put in the effort and gather dozens of essential keyboard shortcuts every VLC user should be familiar with. #Vlc media player keyboard shortcuts movie#įrom toggling full screen mode and pausing your movie to adjusting the subtitle delay and changing your zoom level, these are the keyboard shortcuts you absolutely need to know. T – Show media time elapsed or remaining.Ctrl + 1 to 4 Play Recent media up to four files.Ctrl + Left arrow – Jump 1 minute backwards.Ctrl + Right arrow – Jump 1 minute forward.Alt + Left arrow – Jump 10 seconds backwards.Īlt + Right arrow – Jump 10 seconds forward.Shift + Left arrow – Jump media 3 seconds backwards.Shift + Right arrow – Jump media 3 seconds forward. Likewise, you can assign hotkeys for different actions available under the drop-down list and use. If the standard shortcuts don’t work for you for some reason, you can change them to anything you like. That’s it you can now use the shortcut key on all media players. Like most programs, VLC allows you to configure your own shortcuts to better meet your needs, improve accessibility or to make it generally easier to use. Here’s how to customize your VLC keyboard shortcuts. ![]() #Vlc media player keyboard shortcuts how to#
![]() ![]() Continue to the end of step three but adding the nectar mixture to the chicken along with the dried apricots. Yes! Cook the chicken as directed and transfer to the bowl of a slow cooker. Can I cook this apricot chicken in the slow cooker? The word nectar is used as the result tends to be thicker and more syrupy than a juice. Unlike oranges, apples and pears, they can’t be juiced, so instead, they are pureed, sweetened and added to water. What is the difference between apricot juice and nectar?Īpricots aren’t a very juicy fruit. Thanks to recipes like this we’ll be eating apricot chicken for generations to come.- Alison Adams - Food Writer and Recipe Tester sweet and savoury sauce - this is the comfort food of my childhood with a bit of a grown-up edge. This apricot chicken recipe is a twist on the one mum made, swapping the French onion soup for Moroccan spice mix to create. The remaining nectar was stored in the fridge where we’d sneak decadent sips straight from the can. In the case of cans of apricot nectar, we used the pointy part of the can opener to pierce two holes on the top of the can to allow the thick syrup to glug into the frying pan. Before the (brilliant) invention of ring pull cans, we were at the mercy of can openers. ![]() Ham steaks Hawaiian (grilled ham with pineapple) was on high rotation in our house, my mother would set grated carrot in orange jelly and serve as a side at barbecues, and restaurants were serving up duck a l’orange. The 1970’s saw us getting pretty creative with our dinners, especially when it came to adding fruit to savoury dishes. ![]() ![]() ![]() The TM postoperatively can be quite variable in appearance on CT, appearing so thin as to be barely perceptible or thickened focally/diffusely. The procedure may be simple, such as patching small perforations, or more complex, including lasering of chronic myringitis, removal of myringosclerotic plaques, or, in the case of larger perforations, reconstructing the entire TM with a variety of grafts (temporal fascia, tragus perichondrium, etc.). The aim of myringoplasty is to restore the normal functions of the TM. Myringoplasty, also known as “type 1 tympanoplasty,” refers to surgery performed on the eardrum. Both involve removal of disease while restoring patency of the meatus/canal. Meatoplasty involves surgery of the external auditory meatus, whereas canaloplasty is performed more medially primarily in the osseous portion of the EAC. The postoperative recovery period is 4–5 days longer than that of the transcanal approach. ![]() Both approaches require the use of a dressing that can be removed the next day. ![]() The approach chosen depends on the surgical goals and training of the surgeon the retroauricular approach is more commonly used in the United States. These are the primary approaches for many otologic mastoid procedures. Both provide excellent exposure to the EAC and facilitate tympanoplasty when the transcanal approach cannot give the necessary visualization. For the retroauricular approach, an incision is made posterior to the ear with the ear reflected anteriorly. As a result, patients normally return to their presurgical functional status within 1–2 days.įor the endaural approach, an incision is made between the tragus and helix. Advantages include limited surgical dissection, so postoperative pain is diminished. A larger appearing bony EAC may be evident from drilling of bone posteriorly lateral to or at the level of the isthmus ( Fig. Typical CT findings include thinning, irregularity or flattening of bone, soft tissue thickening, and bone wall defects. There may be little evidence of postoperative change in the EAC. Drilling may occur anywhere in the bony canal depending on the need for exposure or for removal of disease.ĭrilling is the preferred approach for EAC stenosis, exostosis, EAC osteomas, myringitis, repair of central perforations, placement of pressure equalization tubes, and so forth. Visualization of the tympanic membrane (TM) is limited anteriorly and posteriorly without drilling of bone. Surgery is performed through the external auditory canal (EAC) with the aid of a microscope and ear speculum. The chapter concludes with a discussion of surgical approaches to the internal auditory canal and otic capsule (retrosigmoid, middle cranial fossa, translabyrinthine, transmastoid) for the management of tumors and superior semicircular canal dehiscence. Imaging findings indicative of recurrent disease are then discussed to include MR imaging for the detection of cholesteatoma. This chapter initially discusses the surgical approaches to the middle ear and mastoid (transcanal, retroauricular, endaural) and the procedures facilitated by these (meatoplasty, canaloplasty, myringoplasty, tympanoplasty, ossiculoplasty, stapedectomy, mastoidectomy). Knowledge of the expected normal versus abnormal postoperative appearance is the key to recognizing complications or recurrent disease. This is greatly simplified by knowing the surgical procedures used. Interpretation of CT or MR imaging examinations performed on patients with a history of middle ear, mastoid, or neurotologic surgery can be challenging. ![]() |
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